《科研方法與規範》分為上下兩冊：本書是下冊，以中文形式編譯而成，為入門的研究者提供快速學習通道，也起參考索引的作用。需要在此說明的是，為照顧中國研究者的閱讀習慣，中文部分進行了部分省略和調整。讀者既可從頭到尾瀏覽，獲取關於科學研究方法的整體印像，亦可根據個人需要跳至其中某一部分詳讀。藉由此書，讀者可以繫統掌握“定性研究”、“定量研究”、“案例研究”等**通行研究方法的基本範式。本書由向明友、伍巧芳主編。

《科研方法與規範(上)》綜合國際上權威出版社出版的科研寫作規範 與方法類著作，采用中英文對照的內容編寫模式，兼顧學術研究能力和外 語水平不同層次讀者的需求，傘面繫統介紹了科研寫作的研究方法、研究 計劃的撰寫、正文的寫作以及參考文獻的引證方法和規範。 《科研方法與規範(上)》由向明友、伍巧芳主編。

Part Ⅰ Research Methods
1. Qualitative Methods
1.1 Introduction to Qualitative Research
1.1.1 What Is Qualitative Research
1.1.2 What Can We Learn from Qualitative Research
1.1.3 Some Qualitative Research Methods and Data Forms
1.1.4 The Advantages of Qualitative Methods for Exploratory Research
1.2 Participant Observation
1.2.1 Overview of Participant Observation
1.2.2 How to Be an Effective Participant Observer
1.3 In-Depth Interviews
1.3.1 Overview of In-Depth Interviewing
1.3.2 How to Be an Effective Interviewer
1.3.3 Managing the Interview
1.3.4 Some Techniques for Effective Questioning
1.3.5 How to Use Probes
1.3.6 How to Use Indirect Probes
1.3.7 Taking Field Notes
1.3.8 Expanding Notes
1.4 Focus Groups
1.4.1 Overview of Focus Groups
1.4.2 How to Be an Effective Moderator
1.4.3 How to Be an Effective Note-Taker
2. Quantitative Methods
2.1 Introduction to Quantitative Research Method
2.1.1 What Is Quantitative Research
2.1.2 Features Associated with the Quantitative Approach
2.1.3 Data Collection Methods
2.2 Sampling
2.2.1 Random Selection
2.2.2 Systematic Sampling
2.3 Survey
2.3.1 Questionnaire
2.3.2 Interview Survey
2.3.3 Secondary Analysis
2A Experiment
2.4.1 Topics Appropriate to Experiments
2.4.2 The Classical Experiment
2.4.3 Selecting Subjects
2.4.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method
2.4.5 Quantification of Data
3. Mixed Method Studies
3.1 Mixed Methods and Mixed Model Studies
3.1.1 Equal Status Mixed Method Designs
3.1.2 Dominant-Less Dominant Mixed Method Designs
3.1.3 Sequential Mixed Method Designs
3.1.4 Parallel/Simultaneous Mixed Method Designs
3.1.5 Studies with Multilevel Use of Approaches
3.2 Data Collection Strategies and Research Procedures
3.2.1 Traditional and Alternative Approaches to Data Collection
3.2.2 Data Collection as a Planned Strategy
3.2.3 Effects of Data Collection on the Behavior or Responses of the Participants
3.2.4 Data Collection Strategies
4. Case Studies
4.1 Introduction to Case Study
4.1.1 The Case Study as a Research Strategy
4.1.2 Comparing Case Studies to Other Research Strategies
4.1.3 When to Use Each Strategy
4.2 Conducting Case Studies: Preparing for Data Collection
4.2.1 The Case Study Investigator: Desired Skills
4.2.2 Training and Preparation for a Specific Case Study
4.2.3 The Case Study Protocol
4.2.4 The Pilot Case Study
4.3 Conducting Case Studies: Collecting the Evidence
4.3.1 Six Sources of Evidence
4.3.2 Three Principles of Data Collection
Part Ⅱ Writtng a Research Proposal
1. General Overview
1.1 What Is Research
1.2 Types of Research
1.2.1 Primary Research
1.2.2 Applied Research
1.2.3 Market Research
1.2.4 Feasibility Research
1.2.5 Scholarly Research
1.3 What Is a Research Proposal (RP)
1.4 Proposal Components--Some Hints
1.4.1 Title
1.4.2 Abstract
1.4.3 Introduction
1.4.4 Literature Review
1.4.5 Methodology and Methods
1.4.6 Results
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