●PrefacexibrIIntroductionbrIntroducingmechatronics3brchapterobjectives3brWhatismechatronics3br2thedesignprocess5br3systems6br4Measurementsystems8br5controlsystems9br6Programmablelogiccontroller2br7examplesofmechatronicsystems22brsummary25brProblems26brIISensorsandsignalconditioning27br2Sensorsandtransducers29brchapterobjectives29br2sensorsandtransducers29br22Performanceterminology30br23Displacementpositionandproximity35br24Velocityandmotion46br25Force4926brFluidpressure50br27Liquidflow54br28Liquidlevel55br29temperature56br20Lightsensors6br2selectionofsensors62br22inputtingdatabyswitches63brsummary65brProblems66br3Signalconditioning69brchapterobjectives69br3signalconditioning69br32theoperationalamplifier70br33Protection8br34Filtering83br35Wheatstonebridge84br36Pulsemodulation88br37Problemswithsignalsbr38Powertransfer92brsummary92brProblems93br4Digitalsignals95brchapterobjectives95br4Digitalsignals95br42analogueanddigitalsignals95br43Digitaltoanalogueandanaloguetodigitalconverters99br44 ltiplexers05br45Dataacquisition06br46Digitalsignalprocessing09brsummary0brProblems0br5Digitallogic2brchapterobjectives2br5Digitallogic2br52Logicgates3br53applicationsoflogicgates20br54sequentiallogic26brsummary33brProblems33br6Datapresentationsystems36brchapterobjectives36br6Displays36br62Datapresentationelements37br63Magneticrecording42br64opticalrecording46br65Displays47br66Dataacquisitionsystems5br67Measurementsystems55br68testingandcalibration58brsummary60brProblems60brIIIActuation63br7Pneumaticandhydraulicactuationsystems65brchapterobjectives65br7actuationsystems65br72Pneumaticandhydraulicsystems65br73Directionalcontrolvalves69br74Pressurecontrolvalves73br75cylinders75br76servoandproportionalcontrolvalves78br77Processcontrolvalves80br78rotaryactuators85brsummary86brProblems86br8Mechanicalactuationsystems88brchapterobjectives88br8Mechanicalsystems88br82typesofmotionbr83Kinematicchains9br84cams94br85Gears96br86ratchetandpawl200br87Beltandchaindrives200br88Bearings202brsummary204brProblems205br9Electricalactuationsystems207brchapterobjectives207br9electricalsystems207br92Mechanicalswitches207br93solidstateswitches209br94solenoids25br95Directcurrentmotors27br96alternatingcurrentmotors225br97steppermotors227br98Motorselection234brsummary237brProblems237brIVMicroprocessorsystems239br0Microprocessorsandmicrocontrollers24brchapterobjectives24br0control24br02Microprocessorsystems24br03Microcontrollers253br04applications272br05Programming274brsummary277brProblems277brAssemblylanguage278brchapterobjective278brLanguages278br2instructionsets279br3assemblylanguageprograms285br4subroutines290br5Lookuptables293br6embeddedsystems296brsummary300brProblems300br2Clanguage302brchapterobjectives302br2Whyc302br22Programstructure302br23Branchesandloops309br24arrays33br25Pointers35br26Programdevelopment36br27examplesofprograms37br28arduinoprograms320brsummary323brProblems324br3Inputoutputsystems326brchapterobjectives326br3interfacing326br32inputoutputaddressing326br33interfacerequirements329br34Peripheralinterfaceadapters336brbr