●Preface xi
I. Introduction 1
1. Introducing mechatronics 3
chapter objectives 3
1.1 What is mechatronics? 3
1.2 the design process 5
1.3 systems 6
1.4 Measurement systems 8
1.5 control systems 9
1.6 Programmable logic controller 21
1.7 examples of mechatronic systems 22
summary 25
Problems 26
II. Sensors and signal conditioning 27
2. Sensors and transducers 29
chapter objectives 29
2.1 sensors and transducers 29
2.2 Performance terminology 30
2.3 Displacement, position and proximity 35
2.4 Velocity and motion 46
2.5 Force 49 2.6
Fluid pressure 50
2.7 Liquid flow 54
2.8 Liquid level 55
2.9 temperature 56
2.10 Light sensors 61
2.11 selection of sensors 62
2.12 inputting data by switches 63
summary 65
Problems 66
3. Signal conditioning 69
chapter objectives 69
3.1 signal conditioning 69
3.2 the operational amplifier 70
3.3 Protection 81
3.4 Filtering 83
3.5 Wheatstone bridge 84
3.6 Pulse modulation 88
3.7 Problems with signals 89
3.8 Power transfer 92
summary 92
Problems 93
4. Digital signals 95
chapter objectives 95
4.1 Digital signals 95
4.2 analogue and digital signals 95
4.3 Digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital converters 99
4.4 ltiplexers 105
4.5 Data acquisition 106
4.6 Digital signal processing 109
summary 110
Problems 110
5. Digital logic 112
chapter objectives 112
5.1 Digital logic 112
5.2 Logic gates 113
5.3 applications of logic gates 120
5.4 sequential logic 126
summary 133
Problems 133
6. Data presentation systems 136
chapter objectives 136
6.1 Displays 136
6.2 Data presentation elements 137
6.3 Magnetic recording 142
6.4 optical recording 146
6.5 Displays 147
6.6 Data acquisition systems 151
6.7 Measurement systems 155
6.8 testing and calibration 158
summary 160
Problems 160
III. Actuation 163
7. Pneumatic and hydraulic actuation systems 165
chapter objectives 165
7.1 actuation systems 165
7.2 Pneumatic and hydraulic systems 165
7.3 Directional control valves 169
7.4 Pressure control valves 173
7.5 cylinders 175
7.6 servo and proportional control valves 178
7.7 Process control valves 180
7.8 rotary actuators 185
summary 186
Problems 186
8. Mechanical actuation systems 188
chapter objectives 188
8.1 Mechanical systems 188
8.2 types of motion 189
8.3 Kinematic chains 191
8.4 cams 194
8.5 Gears 196
8.6 ratchet and pawl 200
8.7 Belt and chain drives 200
8.8 Bearings 202
summary 204
Problems 205
9. Electrical actuation systems 207
chapter objectives 207
9.1 electrical systems 207
9.2 Mechanical switches 207
9.3 solid-state switches 209
9.4 solenoids 215
9.5 Direct current motors 217
9.6 alternating current motors 225
9.7 stepper motors 227
9.8 Motor selection 234
summary 237
Problems 237
IV. Microprocessor systems 239
10. Microprocessors and microcontrollers 241
chapter objectives 241
10.1 control 241
10.2 Microprocessor systems 241
10.3 Microcontrollers 253
10.4 applications 272
10.5 Programming 274
summary 277
Problems 277
11. Assembly language 278
chapter objective 278
11.1 Languages 278
11.2 instruction sets 279
11.3 assembly language programs 285
11.4 subroutines 290
11.5 Look-up tables 293
11.6 embedded systems 296
summary 300
Problems 300
12. C language 302
chapter objectives 302
12.1 Why c? 302
12.2 Program structure 302
12.3 Branches and loops 309
12.4 arrays 313
12.5 Pointers 315
12.6 Program development 316
12.7 examples of programs 317
12.8 arduino programs 320
summary 323
Problems 324
13. Input/output systems 326
chapter objectives 326
13.1 interfacing 326
13.2 input/output addressing 326
13.3 interface requirements 329
13.4 Peripheral interface adapters 336
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