●AcknowledgementsAbstractList of FiguresChapter I  Introduction  1.1  Significance of the Study  1.2  Research Objectives  1.3  Research Methodology  1.4  Organization of the BookChapter 2  Traditional Studies on Deixis  2.1  Main Contributions Made by Philosophers and Linguists  2.2  General Description of Deixis    2.2.1  Characteristics of Deixis    2.2.2  Definition of Deixis    2.2.3  Semantic Features of Deixis    2.2.4  Classification of Deixis    2.2.5  Usages of Deixis  2.3  Main Problems in the Traditional Studies    2.3.1  Lack of Nature-based Definition    2.3.2  Deictic Projection    2.3.3  Vague Relations between Categories of Deixis  2.4  SummaryChapter 3  Cognitive Approaches to Deixis  3.1  Introduction: Epistemic Basis of Deixis  3.2  Epistemic Grounding    3.2.1  Grounding Elements and Their Deictic Nature    3.2.2  Types of Deictic Expressions    3.2.3  Cognitive Motivations of Deictic Expressions  3.3  Mental Spaces    3.3.1  Basic Ideas of Mental Spaces    3.3.2  Application of Mental Spaces in the Study of Deixis  3.4  Vantage Point and Field of Vision  3.5  SummaryChapter 4  Toward a Cognitive Model of Deixis  4.1  Introduction: a Model Based on Situation and Cognition  4.2  Cognitive Motivations for the Model    4.2.1  Viewpoint and Viewpoint Shift    4.2.2  Conceptual Metaphor    4.2.3  Epistemic Models  4.3  Structure of the Model    4.3.1  A Three-axis Coordinate System    4.3.2  Vector and Vector Space  4.4  SummaryChapter 5  Semantic Configuration of Deixis in the Model  5.1  Person Deixis    5.1.1  Person Deixis on the Space Axis    5.1.2  Deictic Projection between Persons  5.2  Space Deixis    5.2.1  Proximal/distal Relation on the Space Axis    5.2.2  Verbs of Motion    5.2.3  Prepositions with Deictic Use  5.3  Time Deixis    5.3.1  Time Deictic Terms    5.3.2  Tense  5.4  Modal Deixis    5.4.1  Degrees of Epistemic Distance    5.4.2  Real Conditions and Unreal Conditions  5.5  SummaryChapter 6  Reconsideration of Deixis from the Perspective of Cognition  6.1  Definition and Semantic Features  6.2  Subjectivity and Grammatical Features  6.3  Deixis as a System and Its Model Structure  6.4 SummaryChapter 7  Conclusions  7.1  Summary of the Study  7.2  Major Findings of the Study  7.3  Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies  BibliographyList of Figures  3-1  Field of vision: participant roles I and you  3-2  Field of vision: participant roles with two perspectives  3-3  Field of vision: demonstratives this and that  3-4  Field of vision: tenses  4-1  Structure of the cognitive model of deixis  5-1  Personal pronouns and vocatives  5-2  I is transferred into you  5-3  Third person is transferred into we  5-4  Demonstratives on the physical and psychological space axes  5-5  Verbs of motion  5-6  Configuration of I‘m coming  5-7  Came with home base as reference point  5-8  Come in a hypothetical space  5-9  Configuration of in front of  5-10  Prototypical time deicfic terms  5-11  Configuration of yesterday with other reference point  5-12  Present tense, past tense and future tense  5-13  Past future  5-14  Historical present and present tense in a hypothetical space  5-15  Present perfect  5-16  Past perfect  5-17  Future perfect  5-18  Epistemic distance of modals  5-19  Real and unreal conditions  5-20  Unreal condition in the present  5-21  Unreal condition in the past  5-22  Unreal condition in the future  6-1  System model of deixis

    語言中普遍存在的指示現像是語言學研究的重要課題。傳統研究已經對指示現像進行了非常詳細的描寫，但仍然缺乏繫統的理論框架。近幾年指示語的認知研究雖然開闢了新的途徑，但這些研究大多側重個別指示現像，或者隻強調指示語的經驗解釋，基於此，本研究建立了一個指示語認知模型，形像地描寫指示的認知過程並據此揭示指示現像的本質。該模型的建立不僅能發展指示理論，同時為人工智能理解指示語提供準備，具有理論意義和實用價值。    通過分析形成指示現像的認知機制，即視角及視角轉移、概念隱喻和認識模式，我們將指示語的認知模型定義為一個以說話人為原點。以空間、時間和情態為軸的笛卡兒坐標繫，用矢量描寫指示語在該繫統中的語義結構。該模型涉及人稱指示、空間指示、時間指示和情態指示，能夠優選限度地涵蓋指示現像，模型的結構和使用也以認知機制為等