院士推薦的一本實用新技術好書

●序前言 章 概述 ····································································· 11.1 機巡技術發展簡介 ······································································· 11.1.1 直升機巡檢 ···································································· 11.1.2 無人機巡檢 ···································································· 21.1.3 機器人巡檢 ···································································· 21.2 應用方向 ··················································································· 31.2.1 線路巡視 ······································································· 31.2.2 勘察測量 ······································································· 41.2.3 施工檢修 ······································································· 5第2 章 法律法規及標準 ······················································ 82.1 法律 ························································································· 82.2 行政法規 ··················································································· 82.3 通航行業標準 ············································································ 112.4 電力行業標準 ············································································ 122.5 企業標準 ·················································································· 132.6 線路運維 ·················································································· 13第3 章 機巡設備 ······························································ 153.1 直升機巡檢設備 ········································································· 153.1.1 直升機 ········································································· 153.1.2 巡檢裝備 ······································································ 193.1.3 防護設備 ······································································ 263.2 無人機巡檢設備 ········································································· 303.2.1 多旋翼無人機 ································································ 303.2.2 固定翼無人機 ································································ 313.2.3 無人直升機 ··································································· 333.3 傳感器載荷 ··············································································· 353.3.1 光電弔艙 ······································································ 353.3.2 激光雷達 ······································································ 373.3.3 多光譜載荷 ··································································· 38第4 章 巡視技術 ······························································ 424.1 直升機巡視 ··············································································· 424.1.1 基本要求 ······································································ 424.1.2 作業流程 ······································································ 434.1.3 作業前準備 ··································································· 434.1.4 作業實施 ······································································ 454.1.5 質量控制措施及檢驗標準 ················································· 454.1.6 數據分析及缺陷管理 ······················································· 464.1.7 巡視資料移交 ································································ 464.2 無人機巡視 ··············································································· 464.2.1 無人直升機巡視 ····························································· 464.2.2 固定翼無人機巡視 ·························································· 484.2.3 多旋翼無人機巡視 ·························································· 504.3 數據處理 ·················································································· 544.3.1 圖像拼接技術 ································································ 544.3.2 視頻拼接技術 ································································ 594.3.3 智能識別技術 ································································ 62第5 章 檢測技術 ······························································ 715.1 激光雷達技術 ············································································ 715.1.1 原理及應用 ··································································· 715.1.2 作業方法 ······································································ 725.1.3 數據處理 ······································································ 735.2 傾斜攝影測量技術 ······································································ 785.2.1 原理及應用 ··································································· 785.2.2 作業方式 ······································································ 795.2.3 數據處理 ······································································ 825.2.4 應用實例 ······································································ 835.3 多光譜檢測技術 ········································································· 865.3.1 覆冰多光譜檢測技術 ······················································· 875.3.2 山火多光譜載荷檢測技術 ················································· 885.3.3 多（高）光譜識別樹木種類檢測技術 ·································· 89第6 章 施工檢修 ······························································ 926.1 直升機施工 ··············································································· 926.1.1 弔裝組塔 ······································································ 926.1.2 空中架線 ······································································ 966.2 直升機檢修作業 ········································································· 986.2.1 帶電水衝洗 ··································································· 986.2.2 帶電檢修 ···································································· 1056.3 無人機清除異物 ······································································· 1156.3.1 無人機噴火清障 ···························································· 1156.3.2 無人機噴藥清巢 ···························································· 1196.3.3 無人機搭載的激光清障裝置 ············································ 1206.3.4 無人機搭載的電熱絲清障裝置 ········································· 121第7 章 機器人巡檢 ························································· 1247.1 機器人巡視 ············································································· 1247.1.1 概述 ·········································································· 1247.1.2 技術原理 ···································································· 1257.1.3 巡視作業基本要求 ························································ 1257.1.4 巡視作業過程 ······························································ 1257.2 零值絕緣子檢測技術 ································································· 1277.2.1 概述 ·········································································· 1277.2.2 技術原理 ···································································· 1277.2.3 應用情況 ···································································· 1277.3 樹木修剪技術 ·········································································· 1297.3.1 概述 ·········································································· 1297.3.2 技術原理 ···································································· 1297.3.3 應用情況 ···································································· 1307.4 除冰技術 ················································································· 1307.4.1 概述 ·········································································· 1307.4.2 技術原理 ···································································· 1307.4.3 應用情況 ···································································· 133第8 章 協同巡檢 ···························································· 1348.1 應用定位 ················································································· 1358.2 界面劃分 ················································································· 1348.3 巡視周期 ················································································· 1368.4 工作協同要求 ··········································································· 1378.5 協同巡檢績效評估 ····································································· 137第9 章 展望 ·································································· 140參考文獻 ········································································

架空輸電線路作為電力運輸的重要通道，其安全穩定運行是國家穩定、人民安居的堅實基礎。傳統人工巡檢方式已無法滿足電網公司當前及未來管理精益化、降本增效的戰略發展需要。直升機、無人機以及機器人技術的快速發展，為輸電線路提供了一種高效、智能的新型巡檢手段。南方電網公司經過多年的探索和實踐，已利用直升機、各類無人機及機器人在架空輸電線路建設施工、巡視檢測、應急消缺、帶電作業等方面開展作業，極大限度解放了現場作業人員，提升了輸電線路運維水平。 本書共包含9 章，分別為概述、法律法規及標準、機巡設備、巡視技術、檢測技術、施工檢修、機器人巡檢、協同巡檢和展望。全書較為全面地介紹了南方電網公司輸電線路直升機/無人機巡檢技術成果，能夠進一步推動機巡新技術在輸電線路運維中的應用。

架空輸電線路作為電力運輸的重要通道，其安全穩定運行是國家穩定、人民安居的堅實基礎。目前，我國110kV 及以上輸電線路已達百萬公裡，80%以上的線路位於遠離城鎮、遠離交通干線、人煙稀少的高山大嶺地區。傳統人工巡檢主要依靠作業人員搭乘車輛或徒步親臨現場，通過目視查找缺陷並記錄巡視情況，人均維護線路近30km，巡線需求和人力缺員的矛盾日益突出，已無法滿足南方電網公司當前及未來管理精益化、降本增效的戰略發展需要。近年來，直升機、無人機以及機器人技術的快速發展，為輸電線路提供了一種高效、智能的新型巡檢手段。2013 年，南方電網公司黨組進行專項研究，確定在所有渠道逐步推廣輸電線路直升機巡視作業，全面啟動輸電線路“機巡 + 人巡”協同配合新型運維模式的規劃推廣。南方電網公司先後印發《南方電網架空輸電線路直升機巡視作業業務推進方案》《南方電網“十三五”輸電線路“機巡 + 人巡”協同巡檢推進方案》《南方等