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出版社:科學出版社 ISBN:9787030373618 商品編碼:10027185776227 包裝:平裝 開本:大16開 出版時間:2013-04-01 頁數:258 字數:730000 代碼:40
" 商品基本信息,請以下列介紹為準 | 商品名稱: | 拯救我的SAT寫作 | 作者: | 姜偉生編著 | 代碼: | 40.0 | 出版社: | 科學出版社 | 出版日期: | 2013-04-01 | ISBN: | 9787030373618 | 印次: | 1 | 版次: | 1 | 裝幀: | | 開本: | 大16開 |
摘要 | Chapter 1 SAT Essay簡介 SAT Essay Introduction 本章 目 錄
SAT 寫作介紹 SAT Essay Introduction SAT Essay 結構 SAT Essay Structure SAT 寫作話題分類 SAT Essay Top Topicr> SAT寫作介紹SAT Essay Introduction SAT考試的全稱為“學術評估測試”(Scholastic Assessment Test),是美國大學入學的重要衡量標準之一。SAT考試共分三個項目:寫作、數學和批判性閱讀。每個項目各占800分,SAT考試的總分為2400分,考試總時間約3小時45分鐘。 SAT Essay是SAT考試寫作中的第一部分,也是整個SAT考試的第一部分。寫作項目的另外一部分是語法考試。 Essay題簽有一頁(圖1.1),主要有兩部分內容,如圖中所示的A、B兩部分。A部分主要涉及考試的基本要求等內容。B部分為Essay命題作文的考試題目。 圖1.1 SAT考試Essay部分的題簽頁 A部分的英文和下文的出入很小: The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely. Your essay mue written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide marginr>and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing ir>legible to those readerr>You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below. DO NOT WRITE ON ANOTHER TOPIC. AN OFF-TOPIC ESSAY WILL RECEIVE A SCORE OF ZERO. A部分的主要內容如下: □ 考生寫作時需要展開觀點論述; □ 考生寫作時需要注意文章要符合邏輯、表達清楚、用語準確; □ 考生答題時,必須用鉛筆寫在的兩張答題紙上,並且沒有多餘的作文答題紙; □ 書寫時,字母間距不要過大,字跡不要潦草; □ 考試時間為25分鐘,用鉛筆答題; □ 請注意,SAT Essay為命題作文,跑題的文章將直接被判零分。 考生考試時,不需要花時間閱讀這部分內容。 B部分的形式類似以下方框中的內容。這部分主要有兩部分內容:文摘和作文題目。 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Winning does not require people to be against someone else; people can reach their goals through cooperation just as well as they can through competition. Winning is not always the result of selfir>individualism. People achieve happiney cooperating with otherr>to increase the happiness of all, rather than by winning at otherr>expense. Ours is not a world in which the price of one person’r>happiness is someone else’s unhappinesr>Adapted from Gilbert Brim, Ambition Assignment: When some people win, must others lose, or are there situations in which everyone winr>Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation. 文摘(excerpt)一般是和作文題目相關的一段文章,作用是給考生一定的思路。這裡請考生注意,對於大部分在中國接受教育的高中程度的學生來說,想把這部分內容讀清楚是有一定難度的,這會浪費寶貴的時間。另外,這部分內容通常會引起先入為主的思維定勢,不利於文章寫作。考生可以根據自己的能力,決定是否花時間閱讀這段內容。 Don’t ignore the excerpt. You may find some phrases that you can use in your essay. Referring back to the excerpt by paraphrasing it or using some words from it can be an effective technique. Winning does not require people to be against someone else; people can reach their goals through cooperation just as well as they can through competition. Winning is not always the result of selfir>individualism. People achieve happiney cooperating with otherr>to increase the happiness of all, rather than by winning at otherr>expense. Ours is not a world in which the price of one person’r>happiness is someone else’s unhappinesr>作文題目(Assignment),是這部分最重要的信息。前文已經提到,SAT Essay部分為命題作文,跑題就會被判為零分。因此,考生需要將主要精力放在理解“Assignment”上,並且思考如何對文章展開論述。本書的附錄給出了歷年SAT Essay的主要題目分類,請考生認真研讀作文的題目要求。 Assignment: When some people win, must others lose, or are there situations in which everyone winr>Essay部分的答題紙有兩頁(圖1.2),每頁答題紙的版面略小於普通的A4紙。 圖1.2 SAT考試Essay部分的答題紙樣例 SAT Essay部分通常由兩名教師閱卷,每名教師的打分區間是0~6分,分是6分。兩名教師打分之和的區間為0~12分,分12分。當兩名閱卷教師的打分差超過1分時,第三名閱卷人將會介入打分。 滿分(6分)作文的要求如下: An essay in this category is outstanding, demonstrating clear and consistent mastery, although it may have a few minor errors. A typical essay □ effectively and insightfully develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates outstanding critical thi, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support itr>position □ is well organized and clearly focused, demonstrating clear coherence and smooth progression of idear>□ exhibits skillful use of language, using a varied, accurate, and apt vocabulary □ demonstrates meaningful variety in sentence structure □ is free of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanicr>從以上評分標準可以看出SAT Essay主要強調四個方面的技能:思考、文章發展、文章組織和語言。 本書主要提供SAT的寫作素材,想要了解更多有關文章發展、組織和語言等方面的內容,請讀者參考本書作者的一本拙著《拯救我的托福寫作》(Saving My TOEFL Writing)。 有關“Critical thi”和“Complex thi”方面的內容,感興趣的讀者可以參考本書作者的另一本拙著《拯救我的新GRE寫作》(Saving My Revised GRE Issue)。 SAT Essay結構SAT Essay Structure 比較常見的SAT結構是“1+3+1”,即開頭一段,正文三段,結尾一段。參考下圖的結構。 開頭段落(Opening Paragraph)通括兩部分內容:“Thesis Statement”和“Summary of Examples”。如果考生善於寫“引子(Hook)”,在文章最開頭加一段“引子”也是可以的。 □ “Thesis Statement”是文章的中心主旨句,是文章開頭必不可少的部分。“Thesir>Statement”通常為一句話,一般是開頭段落的最後一句。“Thesir>Statement衡觀點,對文章內行宏觀概括。 □ “Summary of Examples”是對文章中所用例子的總結,根據考生的這部分可以出現在開頭段落,也可以出現在結尾段落。 正文段落(Body Paragraph)通括兩部分內容:“Topic Sentence”和“Supporting Evidence”。一篇作文通常有3個正文段落。 □ “Topic Sentence”是段落的中心句,SAT Essay考試的每段“Topic Sentence”通常是對本段采用的人物史料的總結。 □ “Supporting Evidence”是對人物史料的細節展開,用來支撐文章的核心觀點。 結尾段落(Concluding Paragraph括兩部分內容:“Reminder of Thesir>Statement”和“Final Remarks”。 □ “Reminder of Thesir>Statement”重申文章主旨,需要注意的是這句話中的關鍵詞一定要和“Thesir>Statement”的關鍵詞有所區分。 □ “Final Remarks”是文末的評論性的結語,可以是“做預測”“提出解決辦法”“提出文章討論的現實意義”或“號召行動”等內容。當然,也可以總結文章中的人物史料例證。 |
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