●目錄第 1章初識 Python ·························································································· 1 1.1認識 Python ····························································································· 1 1.1.1 Python初識 ···················································································· 2 1.1.2 Python的特點及應用領域 ·································································· 2 1.1.3 Python的學習方法 ··········································································· 3 1.2搭建環境 ································································································· 4 1.2.1 Python下載 ···················································································· 5 1.2.2 Python IDLE開發環境 ······································································· 7 1.2.3 PyCharm開發環境 ··········································································· 8 1.2.4 Anaconda3開發環境 ········································································10 1.3打包發布 ································································································16 1.3.1 pip包管理工具 ···············································································16 1.3.2 PyInstaller······················································································19 1.4實訓 1：使用環境搭建 ··············································································22【本章習題】 ··································································································22第 2章編程基礎 ·····························································································24 2.1認識 Python程序和中文編碼 ······································································24 2.2 Python固定語法 ······················································································25 2.2.1 Python代碼塊 ················································································25 2.2.2 Python行處理 ················································································26 2.2.3 Python標識符及保留字 ····································································28 2.3 Python基本輸入輸出 ················································································30 2.3.1用戶輸入 ·······················································································30 2.3.2屏幕輸出 ·······················································································32 2.4 Python變量和數據類型 ·············································································33 2.4.1變量和賦值 ····················································································34 基礎教程 2.4.2簡單數據類型 ·················································································35 2.4.3類型轉換 ·······················································································40 2.5 Python的對像和變量 ················································································41 2.5.1對像的類型與身份 ···········································································42 2.5.2變量引用對像 ·················································································42 2.5.3共享引用 ·······················································································43 2.6 Python運算符 ·························································································45 2.6.1算術運算符 ····················································································45 2.6.2比較運算符 ····················································································47 2.6.3賦值運算符 ····················································································48 2.6.4位運算符 ·······················································································49 2.6.5邏輯運算符 ····················································································50 2.6.6成員運算符 ····················································································51 2.6.7身份運算符 ····················································································52 2.6.8運算符優先級 ·················································································52 2.7實訓 2：班級競選統計 ··············································································54【本章習題】 ··································································································56第 3章控制流程 ·····························································································58 3.1條件語句 ································································································58 3.1.1 if條件語句 ····················································································59 3.1.2實踐運用 ·······················································································62 3.2循環語句 ································································································63 3.2.1循環語句概述 ·················································································63 3.2.2 while循環語句 ···············································································63 3.2.3 for循環語句 ··················································································65 3.2.4循環嵌套 ·······················································································66 3.2.5實踐運用 ·······················································································67 3.3其他語句 ································································································67 3.3.1 break語句 ·····················································································68 3.3.2 continue語句··················································································70 3.3.3 pass語句·······················································································71 3.3.4 else語句 ·······················································································71 3.4實訓 3：數字金字塔 ·················································································73【本章習題】 ··································································································74第 4章 Python數據類型 ···················································································76 4.1 Python序列操作 ······················································································76 4.2 Python字符串 ·························································································79 4.2.1 Python字符串操作 ··········································································80 目錄 4.2.2字符串格式化輸出 ···········································································83 4.2.3三引號 ··························································································85 4.2.4字符串函數 ····················································································86 4.3 Python列表 ····························································································95 4.3.1列表概述 ·······················································································96 4.3.2列表操作 ·······················································································96 4.3.3列表函數 ····················································································· 100 4.4 Pyt組 ·························································································· 104 4.組概述 ····················································································· 104 4.組操作 ····················································································· 105 4.組函數 ····················································································· 108 4.5 Python字典 ·························································································· 109 4.5.1字典概述 ····················································································· 110 4.5.2字典操作 ······················································································111 4.5.3字典函數 ····················································································· 116 4.6 Python集合 ·························································································· 122 4.6.1集合概述 ····················································································· 122 4.6.2集合操作 ····················································································· 123 4.6.3集合函數 ····················································································· 126 4.7對像的淺復制與深復制 ··········································································· 127 4.7.1淺復制 ························································································ 128 4.7.2深復制 ························································································ 129 4.8推導式 ································································································· 129 4.8.1列表推導式 ·················································································· 130 4.8.2字典推導式 ·················································································· 131 4.8.3集合推導式 ·················································································· 132 4.9實訓 4：創建學生信息管理繫統用戶數據 ···················································· 132【本章習題】 ································································································ 133第 5章代碼復用 ―函數 ···············································································136 5.1 Python函數 ·························································································· 136 5.1.1函數概念 ····················································································· 137 5.1.2函數定義 ····················································································· 137 5.1.3函數調用 ····················································································· 138 5.1.4函數的嵌套定義 ············································································ 139 5.2 Python函數參數 ···················································································· 140 5.2.1參數··························································································· 140 5.2.2參數傳遞 ····················································································· 143 5.2.3函數返回值 ·················································································· 144 5.3 Python全局變量與局部變量 ····································································· 144 基礎教程 5.3.1變量作用域 ·················································································· 145 5.3.2全局變量和局部變量 ······································································ 145 5.3.3 global語句 ·················································································· 146 5.3.4 nonlocal語句················································································ 147 5.4 Python匿名函數 ···················································································· 148 5.5實訓 5：使用函數編寫學生信息管理繫統 ···················································· 149【本章習題】 ································································································ 152第 6章代碼復用 ―模塊 ···············································································154 6.1模塊概述 ······························································································ 154 6.2模塊的使用 ··························································································· 155 6.2.1模塊導入 ····················································································· 156 6.2.2模塊定位查找 ··············································································· 158 6.2.3自定義模塊調用 ············································································ 159 6.3 Python中的包 ······················································································· 160 6.3.1包的概念 ····················································································· 160 6.3.2包使用實例 ·················································································· 161 6.4常用模塊介紹 ······················································································· 162 6.4.1時間與日期 ·················································································· 163 6.4.2 math庫······················································································· 166 6.4.3 json模塊····················································································· 168 6.5實訓 6：使用模塊編寫學生信息管理繫統 ···················································· 170【本章習題】 ································································································ 173第 7章 Python面向對像 ·················································································175 7.1面向對像編程簡介 ················································································· 175 7.2類和對像 ······························································································ 177 7.2.1類的創建 ····················································································· 177 7.2.2實例對像 ····················································································· 179 7.2.3類的方法 ····················································································· 179 7.3類的繼承 ······························································································ 182 7.4類的方法重寫 ······················································································· 184 7.4.1方法重寫 ····················································································· 185 7.4.2運算符重載 ·················································································· 186 7.5實訓 7：使用類編寫學生信息管理繫統 ······················································· 187【本章習題】 ································································································ 190第 8章文件處理 ···························································································192 8.1打開和關閉文件 ···················································································· 192 8.2文件讀寫 ······························································································ 196 目錄 8.3重命名和刪除文件 ················································································· 199 8.3.1 os模塊 ······················································································· 199 8.3.2重命名和刪除文件操作 ··································································· 202 8.4 Python文件夾操作 ················································································· 203 8.5 csv文件操作 ························································································· 204 8.5.1 csv數據······················································································ 205 8.5.2讀取 csv數據··············································································· 205 8.5.3寫入.csv文件··············································································· 208 8.6實訓 8：基於文件的學生信息管理繫統 ······················································· 209【本章習題】 ································································································ 212第 9章異常處理 ···························································································214 9.1異常···································································································· 214 9.1.1異常概述··························································································· 215 9.1.2異常的檢測與處理 ········································································· 217 9.2拋出異常 ······························································································ 221 9.2.1拋出異常處理 ··············································································· 221 9.2.2用戶自定義異常 ············································································ 224 9.3 with語句 ····························································································· 225 9.4實訓 9：實現異常處理的學生信息管理繫統 ················································· 226【本章習題】 ································································································ 231第 10章 MySQL數據庫操作 ············································································233 10.1訪問 MySQL數據庫·············································································· 234 10.1.1 pymysql模塊安裝········································································ 234 10.1.2事務機制 ··················································································· 234 10.1.3 Python操作數據庫過程及對像 ························································ 235 10.2數據庫操作 ························································································· 236 10.2.1連接 MySQL數據庫····································································· 236 10.2.2創建數據庫表 ············································································· 237 10.2.3數據庫讀寫 ················································································ 239 10.3實訓 10：基於 MySQL數據庫的學生信息管理繫統 ······································ 243【本章習題】 ································································································ 247第 11章計算生態 ··························································································249 11.1 Turtle標準庫 ······················································································· 249 11.1.1 Turtle基礎 ················································································· 250 11.1.2 Turtle繪圖命令 ··········································································· 251 11.1.3 Turtle命令操作 ··········································································· 252 11.2 random標準庫 ····················································································· 254 Python基礎教程 11.2.1 random庫介紹 ············································································ 255 11.2.2 random庫常用函數 ······································································ 255 11.3 jieba第三方庫 ······················································································ 257 11.3.1 jieba庫簡介 ················································································ 258 11.3.2 jieba庫的安裝 ············································································· 258 11.3.3 jieba分詞應用 ············································································· 259 11.3.4 jieba單詞統計 ············································································· 259 11.4 wordcloud第三方庫 ·············································································· 260 11.4.1 wordcloud庫安裝 ········································································· 261 11.4.2 wordcloud基本使用 ······································································ 261 11.5實訓 11：運行的時鐘 ············································································ 265【本章習題】 ································································································ 267附錄全國計算機等級考試二級 Python語言程序設計考試大綱（ 2018年版） ·············269

本教材以 Windows操作繫統為平臺，繫統講解 Python3的基礎知識。全書共 11章，主要介紹了 Python基本語法、字符串、組、字典、文件的讀寫、函數與模塊等基礎知識。首先介紹了 Python的特點、發展及推薦學習方法，然後講授了 Python基礎語法、流程控制語句、數據類型、函數、模塊、面向對像、文件處理、異常處理、數據庫操作，最後增加了全國計算機等級考試二級 Python語言程序設計考試中所要求的第三方庫相關知識等。教材根據“自主式一體化教學”模式，對教材的構成要素進行調整，按照 Python的有關知識由淺入深、從易到難進行編寫，並在每章後布置實訓與練習，實現“教、學、做”一體，從而切實提高學生的持續發展能力。本教材力求為數據采集及分析提供全面的語言基礎，同時也考慮到部分學有餘力的同學參加全國計算機等級考試的要求，補充了全國計算機等級考試二級 Python語言程序設計等

"前言 Python作為一門編程語言，已被應用在眾多領域，如繫統運維、圖形處理、數學處理、文本處理、數據庫編程、網絡編程、 Web編程、多媒體應用、 pymo引擎、黑客編程、爬蟲編寫、機器學習、人工智能等， Python應用無處不在。 Python的設計哲學是“優雅、明確、簡單”，它的語法清楚、干淨、易讀，程序易維護。編程簡單直接，適合於初學編程者，讓初學者專注於編程邏輯，而不是糾結於晦澀的語法細節。為什麼要學習本書中國人工智能行業正處於一個創新發展的時期，對人纔的需求也在急劇增長。國家相關教育部門對於“人工智能的普及”格外重視，不僅將 Python語言列入小學、中學和高中等教育體繫中，並借此為未來國家和社會發展奠定了人工智能的人纔培養基礎，逐步由底層向高層推動“全民學 Python”，從而進一步實現人工智能技術的發展和社會人纔結構的更迭。隨著大數據與人工智能時代的等